Persuade a Family Member That the World Today

In my opinion, the world today is better than it was fifty years ago primarily due to technology, civil reform and medical breakthroughs. The technology of today is far more advanced. In 1960, computers were not household items, nor were cell phones, the internet, digital cameras/camcorders, DVD players, plasma television sets and GPS systems. It is clear that because of the increase in affordable household appliances, home life is easier now than it was fifty years ago. With the added efficiency, more time can be focused on continuing to progress towards a better future. Innovations in technology have made life easier for many people. Almost every school and college in the nation has the use of computers. With computers, students can access large databases of information at the touch of a button. Prior to computers, you would have had to use a card catalogue, which listed every book in a large, hard to use cabinet. Now, thanks to technology and the internet, access to information is easy. Technology has also helped the world to communicate faster and more effectively. Cell phones, email, and television have allowed news and information to travel at light speeds. No longer waiting around for the mail to come to your house, you can instead obtain information from your television, computer, or even cell phone. The development of technology has not only made life easier for everyone, but the cost of technology continues to decrease. Earlier home computers cost anywhere from five thousand to ten thousand dollars. Now they cost as little as three hundred dollars. In addition, almost every household has basic appliances such as a microwave, television, refrigerator and many others. Although some of these appliances existed fifty years ago, they are far more affordable and efficient today. There is clearly a large increase in technological advancements. Problems around the world still exist; however, technology is allowing developing nations to live more comfortable and successful lives, a much harder thing to do in the past due to the lack of technology. As well as technology, there also have been civil reforms in the last fifty years. For example, it is now easier for an African American or a woman to obtain a position of equal pay as a Caucasian man. Although laws were passed earlier than this to give minorities and women equal rights, it took some time before they received equal pay to a Caucasian man. It may be debatable that the pay is still not equal; however, it cannot be denied that it is better now than it was fifty years ago. At that time, it was almost impossible for a woman to be paid the equivalent of a Caucasian man, however, today women and minorities receive fairer treatment. If the current trend continues, men, women and minorities will eventually be treated as complete equals, something they were far off from fifty years ago. Besides technology and civil reform, medical breakthroughs have evolved by unbelievable bounds. An example would be that of the Endo-PAT, which was approved by the FDA in 2003. This device clicks onto the end of your finger and can tell by sensing lack of elasticity of your blood vessel lining whether cardiovascular disease has started. A score indicating endothelial dysfunction on the device is a stronger warning than the typical risk factors, because it indicates that cardiovascular disease has already begun, but at an early stage when you can more easily control your risks. With all the advances previously stated above, properly educating yourself on the history of this country is an action, which must be taken for clear understanding of how far we have come over the years. Without this background, the privileges of today can be potentially overlooked. It is important to understand that society today still has its problems; however, it has come a long way from fifty years ago. It is likely that in an additional fifty years, it will continue to improve. Some people doubt this and think that the future will be desolate. However, if someone said the future was discouraging in 1960, and you knew now what you know about society fifty years into the future, you would be able to tell them that life will only improve due to technological advances, civil reform and medical breakthroughs. Correspondingly, if someone says that the future looks desolate in 2010, you could say that historically speaking, people thought the same fifty years ago but look at all the progresses we have made. Developing a society takes great amounts of patience, but knowing that the world progresses in time helps people to adjust to the changing aspects of life. Some actions that can be taken are to understand the importance of technology, civil reform to society and medical breakthroughs and to seek to improve these conditions for future generations. In closing, above are some of the reasons why the world is better now than it was fifty years ago and why it is important to understand this. Compared to fifty years ago, regular household appliances are fairly less expensive. Not as many households had the kind of conveniences they have now. In addition, society has started to change their outlook on minority races (women included) and seek to bring equality to people regardless of race or gender. The medical breakthroughs in the last fifty years are just beginning. Imagine how medical breakthroughs will transform as technology advances. These are important steps, which make life in society better, and in another fifty years, we can only hope that we can say that life is better than it is now. This is why it is important to understand how society has progressed. Understanding the past also helps us to understand the future, and so knowing that life is better now than it was allows us to look towards the future with hope.

Essay on Government Spending

Fall 12 Fall 12 Brigham Young University Brigham Young University 08 Fall 08 Fall Essay #3 Nguyen Bui A HTG 100, # 103 Essay #3 Nguyen Bui A HTG 100, # 103 People should be treated indifferently regardless of their wealth and social standings. Yet, in reality, societies have experienced economical inequalities due to pay scales, tax brackets, and education level. A research study on 23 developed countries and 50 states of the US has shown that countries with higher degree of inequality tend to have higher rates of health, social problems and lower rates of social welfare.To resolve such inequality, the U. S government has consistently intervened by alleviating poverty and redistributing income in different forms of transfer payments such as welfare, Medicare, Social Security and employer-provided health insurance. Despite the good intentions, these programs, which involved large spending, haven’t been entirely effective in helping the poor. Therefore, even though the poor migh t suffer from an extensive economic inequality, the government cannot intervene by levying these transfer payments to focus on the equal outcome rather than personal freedom.Many studies have shown that transfer payments didn’t help to redistribute income. According to Dwight R. Lee, only 25% of $500 billion spent yearly on public assistance and social insurance programs were distributed through Medicaid, food stamps, Social Security, etc and 75% were allocated regardless of need. This suggests that a large portion of financial aid from the government went to those who were not in need. These programs were therefore proven ineffective since their means were to help the poor but the poor didn’t actually receive the exact benefits the taxpayers gave up.One of the reasons was that these transfer payments’ policy wasn’t specific enough, so their main purpose of feeding only the poor hasn’t been accomplished. In addition, when taxpayers were taken money away to help the poor, their personal freedom was constrained because they couldn’t do whatever they want on their earnings completely, even in helping the poor themselves. More importantly, many poor people receive no more than the average income people and the transfers they get are worth less to them.Out of the 25% payment transferred that were means-tested, only about 30% was in cash and the remaining 70% came in the form of in-kind transfers such as food stamps, housing, and medical care. These in-kind transfers are less preferable to the poor as cash provides more spending flexibility. For every dollar the government spends, only 25 cents are transferred to the poor. Out of those 25 cents, only 75% or 19 cents is the actual cash the poor can receive and use for whatever they need. Even though the poor still receive a cash portion through these transfer payments, the cash amount is not enough to satisfy their daily need.Those programs don’t help the poor as much as expected and as a result, the poor are still poor and the income inequality still remains unresolved. Also, it is disappointing to taxpayers because they can no longer use their own money to help the poor, and the money they give up doesn’t maximize the poor’s utility either. Some of the basic supporting arguments for transfer programs are that they help to reduce income inequality and social stratification. Particularly, the mathematical function explains this argument: W= min (Y1, Y2, †¦, Yn).This function states that society’s utility (W) is dependent on the least of individual utility, which is the poorest in terms of income. Thus, the poor have to be prioritized when income is distributed until all are equal. This is totally reasonable since a society would be fair only if the bottom individuals were also well taken care of. The advocates of these transfer payments also argue that transfer payments even though can’t help to redistribute incom e equally, at least they help the poor become better and thus, social welfare would increase as a whole.However, they probably never pay attention to the result. They probably haven’t asked themselves this question: is the money actually transferred from the rich to the poor? Many studies have shown a striking fact that most government transfers are not from the rich to the poor. Instead, government takes from the relatively unorganized parties, like tax payers and consumers, and gives to elderly, sugar farmers, and steel producers, considered as the relatively organized parties.As mentioned above, only 25% of all the money spent yearly on public assistance and social insurance programs were distributed through Medicaid, food stamps, Social Security, and 75% were allocated regardless of need. People tend to believe that whatever tax amount they pay, either federal or state or social security tax, the money would be fully transferred to the poor. But they have failed to recogn ize whether the transfer payments go to the poor or people who don’t need it. They end up losing their spending flexibility to only help the poor a little.Would people still see the necessity of these programs if they realize that the poor don’t get as much as they really need? Overall, the redistribution of income is important because inequality can only cause complex issues for society as a whole. But the most effective way of income redistribution remains controversial. While most people believe transfer programs are helpful because they help to balance income between the rich and the poor, I believe this is not an ultimate solution for such a long-standing issue.The statistics are self-explanatory; these programs didn’t result in a good outcome for the poor and the poor were still unsatisfied after all. It’s the time for us to make changes, whether to alternate these programs or totally get rid of them so that taxpayers no longer have to pay a large s um of money to help only a little to those in need. ——————————————– [ 1 ]. Richard G. Wilkinson and Kate Pickett, The Spirit Level: Why More Equal Societies Almost Always Do Better [ 2 ]. Dwight R. Lee, Redistribution of Income

New technology Getting Mixed Grades in School Essay

New technology Getting Mixed Grades in School - Essay Example The ideal solution in such a situation would be to earmark training funds wherever there is going to be new technological equipment to be used in any classroom across America. While it is easy to say that school administrators fully understand what their school needs, the same may not be true for state legislators or lawmakers which have a greater circle of influence (Lifto and Senden, 2006). They may know in general that computers are good for a school and may even help them win more votes if they are able to convince the voters that they supported more technology for the school but the question would remain if it was the right technology. Further, the appropriate use of the right technology can only be governed by school administrators since they control what equipment would be used and by which classes. While at first it seems that Lewis is describing some magnificent work of technological greatness such as a smart board which is in use in many schools today, the year of the article, i.e. 1840, makes that proposition a very unlikely one. A clear picture of the article and an explanation of what exactly Lewis (1840) is describing comes from Donawerth and Seeff (2001) who note that, â€Å"This article was describing the blackboard (Donawerth and Seeff, 2001, Pg. 238)†. Knowing that makes the article all the more interesting since it shows that problems in using new technologies in teaching have existed for more than 150 years. Computers themselves have met the charges since they were expected to revolutionize teaching with things such as CBT and self guided lessons that let students explore and learn on their own. However, the failure of computers to improve our children’s education levels has also been blamed on the lack of training that our teachers may have with regard to using them. In fact, any modern technology such as projectors, media systems or even VCRs could fir the charges since they all may confuse the individual using

Strategic HRM Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 1

Strategic HRM - Essay Example esearch for best practice and RBV perspectives especially when there are examples of firms such as Google that have successful employed these perspectives. However, it is concluded that the greater success of best-fit perspective does not mean best practices and RBV perspectives should be discarded as the two have important contribution to management efforts to improve organisational performance. According to Barney (1991), firms establish competitive advantage over the rest within a particular industry when they control heterogeneous resources including human resources. Further, such resources of the firm must not be perfectly mobile or transferable across the rest of competing firms in order to establish a long-lasting heterogeneity. Therefore, the RBV of a firm model argues that a firm that successfully creates sustainable competitive advantage over the rest in an industry is one that has unique resources and capabilities within the environment. To establish how a firm controls its resources, Barney (1991) established the VRIN model to account for valuable, rare, imperfectly imitable, non-Substitutable features of resources that a firm must control to establish its competitive advantage in an industry. Therefore, establishing competitive advantage based on these features of resources is perceived as the best approach for firms to enhance their performance and be ahead of others in the industry. While applying RBV of a firm to HRM Boxall and Purcell (2003) argues that firms adopting this framework will establish human resource advantage over the rest in the industry. For firms adopting this framework in their practices, the goal according to the authors is develop strategic capability in terms of strategic fit between resources and opportunities. Additionally, such firms must endeavour to ensure deployed resources generate benefit while recruitment and employment policies result in developing people with knowledge and skills essential in strategic thinking and

Nuclear Plant Safety Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Nuclear Plant Safety - Research Paper Example There are different reasons for the use of nuclear power as energy sources but there are more reasons to stop their operation, if not, reduce their use. This paper will provide a background on the history of the use of nuclear power in the United States. Some incidents that display the disadvantages of nuclear power plants will also be presented. In the end, a conclusion will be provided. The History of Nuclear Power in the United States Oil, natural gas and coal were traditionally used as sources of electricity but the scarcity of these resources has led people to search for other sources. One of the main concerns of the government then was that these scarce resources have become expensive. Furthermore, the use of coal, fossil fuel and oil were reported to emit significant amounts of carbon dioxide, which is a substantial greenhouse gas. Nuclear power was primarily used for weapon production. The atomic bomb was the prime weapon, which makes use of nuclear power. The atomic bomb is integrated in a hydrogen bomb. The hydrogen bomb functions in three distinct stages: first, the atomic bomb explodes through a fission reaction; a second bomb, which is composed of lithium and deuterium undergoes a fusion reaction; then, a third explosion occurs when the uranium component undergoes a fission reaction (Caldicott, 2006). The first casualties of hydrogen bombs were the Japanese. In the Second World War, the United Stated deployed two atomic bombs – one in Hiroshima and the other in Nagasaki. The bombs were reported to have caused the death of more than 200,000 Japanese people (Caldicott, 2006). After the Second World War, other countries were able to produce nuclear bombs. In the end however, countries signed the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) in the hope of disarming all nuclear weapons; whereas nations without nuclear weapons would not be able to develop such weapons (Caldicott, 2006). The treaty is an important agreement to hinder the detrimental and destructive effects of nuclear bombs. Due to the treaty, the use of nuclear power went into a limbo until it was used as a source of electricity. This energy source was believed to be cheaper than other sources such as coal and fossil fuel as it produces higher wattages of electricity. From then on, constructions of reactors continued until 1978. To this day, there are about 112 nuclear plants built within the United States (Greenwald, 1991). Some of these plants have already encountered certain malfunctions. Disadvantages of Nuclear Power Plants In March 28, 1979, the Three Mile Island (TMI) nuclear plant in Pennsylvania experienced a near meltdown. This was the worst nuclear accident experienced by the United States. â€Å"Scientists determined that a jammed valve had caused cooling water to drain from the reactor core† (Presutti, 2011). As a result, the fuel core became uncovered and then it overheated, causing a partial meltdown. About 120,000 people were evacuated. Fortu nately, only a small amount of radiation was able to escape from the facility. The Reactor that almost resulted to a meltdown was permanently shutdown though a part of TMI nuclear plant is still operating. This incident allowed for a more serious review of the nuclear policies in the United States and also halted the approval of establishments of more nuclear plants (Presutti, 2011). The TMI incident was attributed to lack of training of staff,

International Arbitration in Arab States Dissertation

International Arbitration in Arab States - Dissertation Example The primary data consist of statutes and cases providing direct evidence of the arbitration law and practices. Secondary data consist of textbooks, journal articles, and other publications relevant to international commercial arbitration, and arbitration in the Arab Middle East. Research results indicate that Islamic law has significant influence on attitudes, laws and practices relative to arbitration and international arbitration in the Arab Middle East. However, while Egypt and Jordan have made significant progress in modernizing their arbitration laws to accommodate increased international trade, Saudi Arabia, the most conservative Islamic state in the region is struggling to make these accommodations. Although a new law is currently underway in Saudi Arabia, its future is uncertain given the long history of ambivalence toward international commercial arbitration informed by unsatisfactory experiences highlighted by the ARAMCO decision in 1958. Despite Egypt’s progress it has also recently taken a step backward with the Ministry of Justices Decree of 2008. This Decree mandates that all arbitral awards are reviewed in secrecy by the Ministry of Justice.... 90; Elsaman, 2011, p. 8). Globalization has also increased the extent to which all states interact with one another in international commerce and international trade. As a result, states recognizing the inadequacy of domestic courts to deal with international commercial disputes have increasingly turned to international commercial arbitration as a more feasible method of resolving domestic disputes. However, according to Gemmell (2006), due to Islamic traditions and influences, the Islamic Middle East which is largely the Arab Middle East has not fully embraced a modern system of international commercial arbitration (p. 169). Of particular concern is the fact that although arbitration is consistent with Islamic tradition, enforcing international commercial arbitral awards in the Arab Middle East can be problematic. A number of national courts in the Arab Middle East, particularly Islamic courts have been averse to enforcing international commercial arbitral awards on the grounds that the award is inconsistent with public policies or more particularly, Islamic law and traditions (Elsaman, 2011, p. 8). This is arguably a loophole facilitated by international commercial arbitration itself. The New York Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards, 1958 (hereinafter the New York Convention) permits member states to refuse enforcement of an award if it is found to be contrary to public policy (New York Convention, Article V(2)(b)). Complicating matters, the New York Convention does not define the phrase public policy. International commercial arbitration in the Arab Middle East is largely influenced by Islamic law and traditions more broadly known as Sharia compliant laws and traditions (Kutty, 2006, p. 566). Sharia in this regard

Strategies for improving women's political participation Term Paper

Strategies for improving women's political participation - Term Paper Example This paper tries to enlist some strategies for improving political participation of women. Strategies: In order to develop a sustainable democracy in the country, it is very important to have equal role and participation of women in politics and in government. Women occupy fifty percent of the world population but still they are under-represented as voters, political leaders or elected officials. There cannot be democracy in the country if half of the population remains unrecognized in the field of politics. Every nation should take adequate steps to help women so that they can acquire their due respect and importance and should have the tools necessary to participate successfully in all aspects of the political process. (Han, pp. 15-20; Paxton and Hughes, p.23-35) For women to participate in politics in a full fledged way, there should be wide ranging programs which must be creative and strongly focused in both type of challenging environments where democracy is just beginning to fl ourish and in more established democracies where women are engaged in legislatures, political parties and civil society as leaders, activists and informed citizens. These programs create an environment where women has built in confidence and can advocate on matters of policy, run for political office, can get elected, govern effectively, and participate meaningfully in every facet of civic and political life. Various innovative programs have helped to strengthen the political skills of women, emphasize on how women are impacted by public policy, and improve the perception of women in political life. The government should also commit in delivering democracy in all kinds of challenging environments. (Paxton, p.1) A government should focus on its high-level political relationships in order to encourage leaders to understand and actively promote the benefits of gender-balanced politics. It is necessary for any government of a country to have a prospect on training women and focus on the inclusion of a gender perspective in every NDI program. This dual approach can strengthen its ability to build women’s skills and organize women across ethnic and political lines, as well as create the opportunity for women from diverse backgrounds to converge around shared goals to solve problems in ways that contribute to the development and well-being of their societies. (Burrell pp. 12-15) A country should use a broad spectrum of inventive and inclusive strategies and techniques, in order to reach the widest range of women leaders and activists, which are uniquely adapted to best fit the local cultural and political contexts of the communities in which we work. Quotas can also be introduced in order to ensure that women acquire a minimum share of seats in the legislature. The rules that establish quotas in political parties and government institutions aim to assist women to overcome the barrier of under-representation in these areas of decision-making. (Burrell pp. 12-15 ) In order to be compelling and competent, affirmative action programs should be adopted and the establishment of quotas has to be accompanied by definite timetables with clear targets. India was an example cited by several participants who observed that the target of reaching 33% of seats to be reserved for women at the district level, which is also called as the Panchayati Raj, has been

Leading Public Relations Efforts Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Leading Public Relations Efforts - Essay Example What made him influential among the masses was his understanding the need of the people and working accordingly, in the interests of the civil rights of the citizens. 2) The latest trends in marketing have been connecting with the customers emotionally so that they persuade the people to purchase the goods they are attached to. With this strategy, Kevin Roberts, CEO of Saatchi and Saatchi Advertising says "The brands that can move to that emotional level, that can create loyalty beyond reason, are going to be the brands where premium profits lie." Thus, clarifying that the premier goal of making profits can be achieved after establishing an emotional connection between the brands and the customers. 3) In both the above examples, the leaders left an impact of influence among the masses. The difference is that one persuaded the people towards their own interests, by making them understand their civil rights, and the other persuaded people as a marketing strategy towards more profit-making in their business. The times have also been different in both the cases, but talking of persuading the masses, both have had an iconic influence on the people. Both of them have been strategic leaders, by understanding the emotional levels of humans, they managed to gain their

Iran and Iraeli Current Situation Research Paper

Iran and Iraeli Current Situation - Research Paper Example Iranian Nuclear Program - Historical Background Being launched in the 1970s under the Shah, the series of Iran’s ambitious nuclear projects heavily relied on the U.S. and European assistance – Iran had struck a deal with the West-German company, KWU, to build two 1Â  200 megawatt reactors and negotiated the construction of another two 900 megawatt reactors with the French ‘Framatome’ (Iran Watch, 2012). The goal set by the Shah had been for the country to produce over 20Â  000 megawatts of electricity from nuclear power stations within the next twenty years (Iran Watch, 2012). Following the revolution in 1979 and the war with Iraq that started in 1980, the nuclear energy program had been abandoned and the existing infrastructure – considerably damaged. However, since the late 1980s, Iran’s nuclear program had been revived and given a fresh impetus via the assistance from Russia and China (Iran Watch, 2012). ... Q. Khan (Iran Watch, 2012; Cronin, Kronstadt and Squassoni, 2005). Both actual progress and probable scope of Iran’s nuclear program became clear, to a degree or another, in 2003, when the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) conducted a series of safeguards inspections, along with verification of Iran’s activities in the area of uranium enrichment, intended to set off implementation of the NPT Safeguards Agreement in the country (IAEA, 2003). Having found no evidence of activities related to development of nuclear weapons by then, the Agency emphasized the necessity of further inspections, enough time and Iran’s full cooperation, in order to be able to conclude that Iran’ nuclear program is exclusively for peaceful purposes (IAEA, 2003). In 2004, however, Iran was rebuked for failing to cooperate with IAEA’s inquiry and agreed to suspend most of its uranium enrichment activity under a deal with the EU; nevertheless, uranium conversion was resu med at Isfahan plant in 2005, and Iran was accused of violation of NPT (Aljazeera, 2012). From 2005 to 2009, there were a series of breaches in Iran’s promises and the agreements with IAEA concerning the uranium enrichment activities, accompanied by sweeping U.S sanctions against the country, Iran’s rocket-test launches, including such of a of a long-range missile capable of reaching Israel, and a UN Security Council resolution on Iran’s uranium enrichment program (Aljazeera, 2012). Following the new disclosure of an underground enrichment facility at Fordow, nearby Qom, and Iran’s rejection of the international demand for freezing the project, several important developments took place in 2009, including an IAEA report that suggested for the first time Iran might be chasing

Irregular student Essay Example for Free

Irregular student Essay  · Editor and Professional Consultant, MET Publishing House, Manila  · Microbiologist, Silver Swan Manufacturing Inc. ,Panghulo, Malabon  · Biochemist, Watercare Philippines, Inc. , Valenzuela City  · Food Production Researcher(Mushroom Culture), TWH, Inc. , Cainta Rizal  · Review Director for LET, Center for Educational Excellence, Inc.  · Project Consultant on â€Å"Biodeterioration of Artworks†, Paper Conservation Laboratory, Archives Dept. , Arzobispado de Manila Projects: Conservation of paintings by Fernando Amorsolo, Botong Francisco, Ben Cab, Cezar Legaspi, Simon Flores, Betsy Westerndorp  · Licensure Exams For Teachers (LET) Reviewer at: Malabon City University,MET Review Center, UST-College of Education,Caloocan Polytechnic College, Trinity College, Center for Educational Excellence Inc. AWARDS AND HONORS 10th Placer (85. 60%), Licensure Examinations for Teachers (LET) Full College Scholarship by Lourdes Reyes Foundation. Professional Civil Service Examinations, weighted ave: 86. 49% Valedictorian, High School Salutatorian, Elementary Certificate of Appreciation as resource speaker on the topic â€Å"Visual Arts and Restorations†, Faculty-Student Art Forum, Beato Angelico Bldg. ,UST. Recognition Award for invaluable support and committed service to HARIBON UST as adviser from 2002-2004 Honored as 4th Degree(highest degree) member of the Knights of Columbus Given by Philippine District IV-NCR.  · Loyalty and Faithful Award for 13 years of Service Knights of Columbus UST- Faculty Council 4321  · Dedicated and Competent Service Award as LET Reviewer Malabon City University  · Champion, Pautakan Quiz Bee for Coaches, UST  · Family of the Year Award Knights of Columbus UST Faculty Council 4321  · UST Graduate School Thesis Writing Grant UST Graduate School Alumni Association.  · Certificate of Recognition for invaluable Contribution as Lecturer/Reviewer Pilot Project on Review Classes for Licensure Examinations for Teachers College of Education, UST  · Certificate of Appreciation as guest speaker on the topic â€Å"Products that Cause Cancer†, given by NEWAYS International (Phils. ), Makati City PUBLICATIONS Book: Co-author in LET Reviewer in Biology, 2006-2010 eds. Published by MET Inc. ISBN # 97193249-6-1, sold in National Bookstores Articles: Understanding Museum Pests: The Molds. CFAD Atelier Journal, University of Santo Tomas, Vol. 2 No. 1, 2003-2004, pp. 80-83 On the Conservation of 20th Century Color Photographs Attacked by Molds. CFAD Atelier Journal, UST. , Vol. 2 No. 1, 2003-2004, pp. 106-113 Witnessing the Glory of Italy in Its Art History and Ancient Spaces. CFAD Atelier Journal, UST, Vol. 3 No. 1, 2004-2005, pp. 55-72 _______________. Panorama Magazine, November 13, 2005, pp. 12, 13, 21. Deterioration of Paintings and Painting Components Caused by Microorganisms. CFAD Atelier Journal, UST. , Vol. 3 No. 1, 2004-2005, pp. 91-94 Microbial Deterioration of Painting Materials. CFAD Atelier Journal, UST. , Vol. 3 No. 1, 2004-2005, pp. 94-97. Conservation of Paintings Attacked by Molds. In College Freshman English Book II. Agalabia, U. , Aranda, R. , et. al. , pp. 124-125, UST Publishing House, 2004 Today’s Restoration Establishments. CFAD Atelier Journal, UST. , Vol. 4 5 No. 1, 2005-2006 2006-2007, pp. 95-99 RESEARCH WORK  · Indoor Air Quality of Beato Angelico Building of the University of Santo Tomas -Commissioned by UST (Nov. 2009-May 2010) TRAINING /SEMINAR WORKSHOPS. Seminar on Test and Measurement Evaluation Seminar on Principles/Philosophy of Education  · Faculty Development Seminar Traditional Filipino Art Curriculum Development Rubrics Development Across Disciplines Certificate on Adobe Photoshop Certificate on PC Troubleshooting and Networking The Ethics of Teaching Rights and Responsibilities of the Faculty Members, Academic and Administrative Officials and Office Staff Seminar UST-CFAD Planning and Development Seminar. Shepherding the Shepherds Workshop on Syllabus Construction Textbook and Learning Materials Development Computer Literacy on Adobe Illustrator, Photoshop, MS Excel Symposium on Waste Management Ecological Symposium Bringing Out the Best in Me and the Best in You Integrating Media in Classroom Instruction( Design, Production, and Utilization of Media) Principles and Methods of Humane Educators Certificate on Basic Industrial Electronics Certificate on Information Technology Symposium on the Preservation of our Environment.  · Research Colloquia on Indoor Air and Water Quality in Relation to Building Design  · Convention of Philippine Association of Academic Biochemists, 16th Annual Convention of Philippine Biochemical Society Script Writing Workshop Basic Business and Financial Management AFFILIATIONS Member, CFAD- Adhoc Committee on Math Department Member, CFAD-Adhoc Committee on Value Formation Board of Director Philippine Association for the Scientific Conservation of Cultural Properties Deputy Grand Knight, Knights of Columbus UST Faculty Council No. 4321 Auditor College of Fine Arts Design Faculty Association. Adviser, HARIBON UST Business Manager, NOH-SCC Alumni Association Member, Outreach Program Committee College of Architecture and Fine Arts LANGUAGES SPOKEN English, Filipino OTHER SPECIAL SKILLS/TALENTS Computer operation using MS Word, Excel, Powerpoint, Adobe Photoshop, Internet Computer Hardware repair and Software installations Website/Blog Construction Photography Swimming Playing Banduria Singing Riding ATV WEBSITES/BLOGS 1. http:/internet-moneymakingsecrets. blogspot. com 2. http://internet-moneymakingsecrets. weebly. com 3. http://cmpaner. blogspot. com (The Painting Doctor-â€Å"Restorer/Conservator†) 4. http://sulit. com. ph/3498047 (Research assistance/Thesis Assistance/Thesis Editing) 5. http://sulit. com. ph/4829772 (LET Review by a LET Topnotcher and Veteran Reviewer) 6. http://sulit. com. ph/5040331 (Lotto Secrets Revealed! ) 7. http://sulit. com. ph/5058879 (Muscle Building Cookbook) 8. http://sulit. com. ph/5069982 (Wedding Photography Secrets-No. 1 Book On Learning Photography) 9. http://sulit. com. ph/4973311 (Food Cart Franchise Business) 10. http://sulit. com. ph/4833582 (St. Peter Life Plan and Memorial Chapels) 11. http://sulit. com. ph/4186306 ( Art and Craft Materials) 12. http://sulit. com.ph/4621349 (Cleaning and Restoration of Paintings). 13. http://sulit. com. ph/4869897 (Natracare Food Supplements) 14. http://sulit. com. ph/4802983 (LET Reviewer Books) 15. http://sulit. com. ph/5021693 (Lose Weigh Program Stop Hair loss Program) PERSONAL PROFILE Birth Date: May 15, 1969 Status: Married with 4 children Religion: Roman Catholic REFERENCES Dr. Urbano F. Agalabia, Ph. D. ,Faculty member, UST-CFAD. Tel. 361-6176 Dr. Irineo J. Dogma, Jr. Ph. D. ,Faculty member, UST-Graduate School, Tel. 911-9443 Prof. Jaime D. Delos Santos, Former Dean, College of Fine Arts, UST, Tel. 740-9703 The Causes and Effects of Being an Irregular Student in the College Of Fine Arts and Design A Statistics Report Submitted to Professor Crisencio Paner College of Fine Arts and Design University of Santo Tomas In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Course Math 600A (Statistics) Celina Jean Streegan Neal Ivan Nicole L. Uy Jenika Chua Aleksandra Buendicho Beatrice Gene Perez Rex Medina 2AD-7 December 2011 I. Scope and Limitation The scope and limitation of this research leans on the reasons of why some students become irregular. It will also give clear understanding these reasons may not always be negative ones. This research is also a glimpse of the advantages and disadvantages of being an irregular student and the difficulties that they are faced with. Irregular students from the following classes, year levels and sections in the College of Fine Arts and Design included in our research are: ADVERTISING ARTS Year level: 1st-4th year Sections: AD1-AD8 INTERIOR DESIGN Year level: 1st-3rd year Sections: ID1-ID3 Year level: 4th year Sections: ID1-ID5 INDUSTRIAL DESIGN Year level: 1st-3rd year Sections: IND1-IND2 Year level: 4th year Sections: IND1-IND4. PAINTING Year level: 1st-4th year Sections: PTG1 II. Objectives of the Research 1. This researchgives knowledge to other Fine Arts students of the University of Sto. Tomas about the life of the irregular students they encounter every day. 2. To tackle the main cause of why they become irregular students. 3. To enlighten other students that being an irregular doesn’t always mean you failed a subject. 4. To find out how irregular students are affected by their situation. 5. To know how they adapt to the changes that usually comes with being an irregular student 6. Determine the year they usually start being an irregular 7. To imply awareness to each one about this certain issue III. Problem What are the causes of being an irregular student? What are its effects to the students who are in this situation? How does it feel to be an irregular? What are the advantages and disadvantages of being one? How does being an irregular affect a student’s social life and studies? The first thought that comes in mind when students see an irregular student is perhaps they failed the subject they were supposed to be in. Their reasons may vary. And one could probably be failure to meet the requirements of his past subjects but is not always the case. There are also other reasons that cause these students to be in this certain situation. Different students from the College of Fine Arts and Design of different year levels and majors will be chosen randomly to be interviewed to enlighten us about the causes that make a student an irregular. Can the reason be because of having difficulty in understanding the lessons involved in a subject? Is the student involved in extracurricular activities? Lack of money, failure due to absences, etc. Being irregular doesn’t always have to be seen negatively. As mentioned earlier, there are other causes of being one. There may be disadvantages but there are certainly advantages and this depends on the irregular student faced with this certain situation. Each irregular student may have reasons but these reasons that we really are to find out form the irregular students themselves, should be for their good and the good of the other students who fails to understand their situation. By being able to give answer to each question, we would be able to find more about the lives of irregular students in the College of Fine Arts and Design of the University of Santo Tomas. We would be enlightened about the main cause and its effect on their social lives and studies. IV. Introduction Oftentimes we think of being an irregular as a taboo, students who do not pass certain subject requirements are doomed to repeat it, thus making a bad mark on his or her transcript of records. And worst, making an impression of failing. In this research we create a whole new perspective of irregular students. As much as possible, this research will analyze the various circumstances that bring students to certain situations like these. There will always be different sides to a certain story and this must definitely apply to how irregular students are viewed. Irregulars are misunderstood people, some think they do not have high regard for their education, like they just think of it as a free gift given to all, but people don’t really know why they became an irregular in the first place. A survey will be conducted to determine the main cause of being an irregular. There has always been one initial reaction regarding this topic and this research aims to give answers to the many questions that go on concerning a position that irregular student are put into. Irregulars are students who skip year levels, depending on the subject they failed in (if or example this was the reason); they do not have a permanent block and a given schedule. Irregular students handle their own time, they are to fix their desired schedule on their own, so if he or she is lucky enough, he or she can choose a class that suites his or her preferences. Irregular students are oftentimes the ones who have the most friends because they get to meet and stay with new sets of classmates every semester, if they choose a different class each semester. But not all are can adapt easily to the many changes that go with being an irregular student , thinking that they are better off focusing on passing the subject on their own to get back to where they were really supposed to be. Irregular students are oftentimes stereotyped. And as a result, they begin to stereotype. As this certain situation is being explained, other people outside the group of irregular students and irregular students themselves begin to understand that being one may affect lives greatly. It may be negatively or positively depending on that certain person. This research will give a clear statement on the life of irregular students in the College of Fine Arts and Design in the University of Sto. Tomas. This research involves a number of students that can surely relate to this certain situation. Through this research, we are able to impart knowledge, to enlighten other students about a situation like this. To tackle the main cause of why some students become irregular. We are also able to find out the effects of this on the life of a student, his studies and social life. This research will give clear understanding and awareness to those who know little of it. By being successful in conducting this research, people will be given clarification of what irregular students go through in the College of Fine Arts and Design of the University of Santo Tomas. Chapter 2 The researchers have decided to build a study on the causes and effects of being an irregular student in the College of Fine Arts and Design. This issue has been significant in all the universities due to its increasing number. But first, let us define what a regular and irregular means. Regular is for something to be normal, usual or customary. Irregular is for something to be not according to rule or unusual. In relation to our study, regular students are those who are following the normal flow of the given subjects to be passed, while irregular students are those who may have difficulties or problems in their given subjects. Those problems and difficulties may be defined or given, but needs further explanation. â€Å"There have been a number of studies researching the factors that affect a person’s grade point average (GPA). Many of these factors include family life, personality characteristics, employment, and extracurricular activities. Lee and Lee (2007) found that family closeness is a key factor in determining a child’s academic performance. Their results indicated that students who rated their family closeness at a higher level displayed an ability to adjust to their schools better, which could enhance academic performance because they were more comfortable in their environment. Although not suggesting that the closeness of the family is a predictor of GPA, the Halawah study (2006) did indicate that children whose parents were involved in their education and encouraged them to do their work had significantly higher GPAs. † (The Impact of Sleepiness Levels on Academic Achievement for College Students Vol. 7) Though it is not a requirement to have personal closeness with the family members, the study have concluded that having supportive parents gives a huge impact on the student’s academic performance. The less the support the student get, the less he/she may respond to the academic requirements. â€Å"Cheung and Kwok (1998) indicated that a student’s participation in extracurricular activities may not help their academic achievement and might actually harm it. This might also include employment during school months. Working an excessive number of hours (35 hours or more per week) may have unfavorable consequences for students. Kulm and Cramer (2006) suggested that students who worked this many hours spent less time preparing for class, which resulted in a lower GPA. Students who worked excessive amounts of hours also did not have time to get as much sleep. † (The Impact of Sleepiness Levels on Academic Achievement for College Students Vol. 7) In college, there a lot of activities to be considered, there are organizations that allow students to enhance their given talent. But those activities should be balance with the student’s academic performance. The imbalance of extracurricular activities and academics may lead to failure of minor or worst, major subjects, which should be highly prioritized. Another problem in academic failure is the imbalance of work and academics. In the Philippines, it is normal for college to students to be working while continuing their studies. But, according to Kulm and Cramer (2006) these students who work excessive hours does not take enough sleep to obtain energy to their next activity which usually is attending their classes. For some health reasons, sleep is a very important part of the life of a normal human being. Having or not having a proper sleep effects the activity of a person during non-sleeping hours. Murphy, Richard, Masaki, and Segalowitz (2005) studied the effects of wakefulness on test taking. The tests were given after four hours of wakefulness as well as after 20 hours of wakefulness. They concluded that participants were less able to recognize mistakes that were made during the tests after extended wakefulness. â€Å"College students are well known for sleep deprivation; therefore, Buboltz, Brown, and Barlow (2001) researched the sleep quality of this age group. There was a high percentage of sleep problems, which supported past research that college students suffer more from sleep problems than the â€Å"normal† adult population. McClelland and Pilcher (2007) also examined college students’ self-report on sleepiness. They surveyed 14 undergraduate students and studied their self-assessment of sleepiness during a 28-hour period of sleep deprivation. At the beginning of the night the participants were able to separate sleepiness into two dimensions, state and behavioral. However, as the night progressed the participants could not distinguish between the two dimensions. Baranski (2007) observed adults during a 28-hour period of sleep deprivation as well. The study focused on the metacognitive ability to self-monitor cognitive performance during sleep deprivation. They found that persons’ ability to assess their performance accuracy did not change significantly with sleep deprivation. † (The Impact of Sleepiness Levels on Academic Achievement for College Students Vol. 7) The study on causes and effects of irregular student’s is very wide and broad. There are a lot of factors to be considered. According to Hansen, Joe (B.2000) race, gender and sex can affect student’s performance McDill, E. , 1989, Levin, H. , 1986) B. A Chansarkar and A. Mishaeloudis (2001), explained that it is also found that those who live near the university perform better than other students A lot of college students in Manila are living in dormitories, which is because majority of them lives or come from different places around the country. It is believed the Manila is where the best schools and universities are found. It is concluded by McDill, E. , 1989, Levin, H. , 1986) B. A Chansarkar and A. Mishaeloudis (2001), that those who live near the university perform better than other students. This just shows that distance is also a factor on a students’ academic performance. Flood, J. , Brensinger, J. , Cheek, S. (2001). The Impact of Sleepiness Levels on Academic Achievement for College Students Vol. 7. www. con. org. January 10, 2012. http://www. kon. org/urc/v7/flood. html Hijazi, S. T. , Naqvi, R. (no date). Factors Affecting Students’ Performance. http://www. scribd. com. January 10, 2012. http://www. scribd. com/doc/5486916/FACTORS-AFFECTING-STUDENTS-PERFORMANCE Lee, P. , Lee, C. C.(2007). The relationship of family closeness with college students self-regulated learning and school adjustment. College Student Journal. 41 (4), 779-787. Halawah, I. (2006). The effect of motivation, family environment, and student characteristics on academic achievement. Journal of Instructional Psychology. 33 (2), 91-99. Cheung, C. , Kwok, S. (1998). Activities and academic achievement among college students. The Journal of Genetic Psychology. 159 (2), 147-162. Kulm, T. L. , Cramer, S. (2006). The relationships of student employment to student role, family relationships, social interactions and persistence. College Student Journal. 40 (4), 927-938. Chapter 3 I. Research Design Descriptive statistics is the term given to the analysis of data that helps describe, show or summarize data in a meaningful way such that, for example, patterns might emerge from the data. They are used in the first instance to get a feel for the data, in the second for use in the statistical test themselves, and in the third to indicate the error associated with results and graphical output. Descriptive statistics do not, however, allow us to make conclusions beyond the data we have analyzed or reach conclusions regarding any hypotheses we might have made. They are simply a way to describe our data. Descriptive statistics is distinguished from inferential statistics, in that descriptive statistics aim to summarize a data set, rather than use the data to learn about the population that the data are thought to represent. This generally means that descriptive statistics, unlike inferential statistics, are not developed on the basis of probability theory. Even when a data analysis draws its main conclusions using inferential statistics, descriptive statistics are generally also presented. Descriptive statistics are very important, as if we simply presented our raw data it would be hard to visualize what the data was showing, especially if there was a lot of it. Descriptive statistics therefore allow us to present the data in a more meaningful way which allows simpler interpretation of the data. For example, if we had the results of 100 pieces of students coursework, we may be interested in the overall performance of those students. We would also be interested in the distribution or spread of the marks. Descriptive statistics allow us to do this. II. Research Method. We used the survey method as a way to gather the information that we needed. A survey is a written output given to the respondents to fill up the needed information. We used this method because it only takes a short amount of time to answer. The respondent would only have to tick on the statements that correspond to his answers. As for us, we could give out the surveys all at once to all the respondents. Also, because a survey is a written output, it is easier to compile the data that we have gathered. It is also easier to interpret the information. III. Research Instrument. SAMPLE QUESTIONAIRE: NAME: ________________________________ AGE:____ YEAR:______COURSE:____________________ GENDER: MALE FEMALE WHEN DID YOU START BECOMING AN IRREGULAR STUDENT? 1st Year 2nd Year 3rd Year 4th Year WHAT TYPE OF SUBJECT CAUSED YOU TO BE AN IRREGULAR STUDENT? MINOR MAJOR WHAT ARE THE POSSIBLE REASONS WHY YOU BECAME AN IRREGULAR STUDENT (PLEASE CHECK ONE) FAILING MARK FAILURE DUE TO ABSENCES FINANCIAL PROBLEMS FAMILY PROBLEM DROPPED A SUBJECT CHANGE COURSE BEING SINGULARY HATED BY THE PROFESSOR CAN YOU EASILY ADAPT TO THE CHANGES OF BEING A IRREGULAR STUDENT? _________________________________________________________________________________ DOES CHOOSING YOUR OWN SCHEDULE MORE CONVIENT FOR YOU? WHY? __________________________________________________________________________________ IV. Research Respondent The study will have irregular students of CFAD in all levels. All of these participants were selected through random sampling. This sampling method is conducted where each member of a population has an equal opportunity to become part of the sample. As all the participants have an equal chance of becoming a research participant, this is to be the most efficient sampling procedure. In order to conduct this sampling strategy, the researcher defines the population first, lists down all the members of the population, and then selects members to make the sample. For this purpose, a self-administered survey questionnaire is given to the respondents to answer. The irregular students assessed to answer the following questionnaire. No inclusion criteria were applied for the individual applicants; hence, all were made part of the population. However, due to time and budget constraints, the researcher opted for a smaller sample size. Summary, Conclusions and Recommendations. Summary A survey will be conducted to determine the main cause of being an irregular. There has always been one initial reaction regarding this topic and this research aims to give answers to the many questions that go on concerning a position that irregular student are put into. Irregular students are oftentimes stereotyped. And as a result, they begin to stereotype. As this certain situation is being explained, other people outside the group of irregular students and irregular students themselves begin to understand that being one may affect lives greatly. It may be negatively or positively depending on that certain person. This research will give a clear statement on the life of irregular students in the College of Fine Arts and Design in the University of Sto. Tomas. This research involves a number of students that can surely relate to this certain situation. Through this research, we are able to impart knowledge, to enlighten other students about a situation like this. To tackle the main cause of why some students become irregular. We are also able to find out the effects of this on the life of a student, his studies and social life. This research will give clear understanding and awareness to those who know little of it. By being successful in conducting this research, people will be given clarification of what irregular students go through in the College of Fine Arts and Design of the University of Santo Tomas. The first thought that comes in mind when students see an irregular student is perhaps they failed the subject they were supposed to be in. Their reasons may vary. And one could probably be failure to meet the requirements of his past subjects but is not always the case. There are also other reasons that cause these students to be in this certain situation. Different students from the College of Fine Arts and Design of different year levels and majors will be chosen randomly to be interviewed to enlighten us about the causes that make a student an irregular. Being irregular doesn’t always have to be seen negatively. As mentioned earlier, there are other causes of being one. Each irregular student may have reasons but these reasons that we really are to find out form the irregular students themselves, should be for their good and the good of the other students who fails to understand their situation. Conclusions Conclusion: Year Level: It is more likely for CFAD students to be an irregular during their sophomore year, which has a53 percentage of students being irregular during that year and the most unlikely year for CFAD students to be an irregular is 3rd year college, since it only has a16 percent chance of being an irregular during that year. Gender: Based on our data collected male students have a percent of becoming an irregular student since they are 58 percent more than females which only has 42 percent. Type of Subject: Students become an irregular mostly on major subjects which has a 54 percent value higher than minor subjects which only has 46 percent. Reasons: CFAD students’ most likely reason for failing is getting a failing mark and being given an FA or failure due to absences by the professor, by which failing mark has 25% and FA has 23% both are the two highest reasons chosen among the other reasons prepared and listed by the interviewees, the lowest reason for a student to become a irregular would be the office not encoding their subjects which only has 4%. Recommendations.

Demographics of Huang Shan, China

Demographics of Huang Shan, China Huang Shan is located in southern Anhui province in eastern China. The city has neighbors of Jingdezhen and Wuyuan County of Jaingxi Province in its southwest edge, Kaihua, Chunan and Linan of Zhejiang Province in its southeast edge, Xuancheng City in its northeast, Chizhou City in its northwest. Huang Shan annual average temperature is low, only 7.8 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã†â€™, annual range for temperature is small, only 20.3à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã†â€™. Winter valley with a temporary temperature inversion phenomenon, the density of the cold air in winter night is big, so the cold air along the hillside into the bottom of the valley, the temperature is higher than the bottom in a certain height of slope zone. The annual average precipitation days 180.6 days, it is only 150-160 days on the foothill. The precipitation days are less in winter, but it increase in spring. It usually has heavy rain in May and June. From the June to September, the precipitation is 49% of annual rainfall, and is 69.6% of the heavy rain over the same period of years. The most Rainfall is 3326.6 mm in 1973, and the least one is 1548.6 mm in 1978. On the tectonic, Huangshan Mountain is located in contact zone between jiangnan ancient and Yangtze platform. The main tectonic line is almost the same with direction of mountain ranges which are the direction of northeast and southwest. The majority part of Huangshan Mountain is constituted by granite. In the south of promenade creek fracture have Sandstone, quartz sandstone, volcanic rock and metamorphic volcanic rocks. In the north of lotus hill is the Taiping rock mass. Huangshan has eight hundred million geologic history, and integrating peaks landforms, glacial traces. Also have the typical geological landscape which are Modelling of granite stone, Granite cave room and Fountain pool stream organ etc Huangshan Mountain has 77 peaks and each peak is sharp. Granite stone forest and stalagmites are distribute among peak, mountainside and valley etc. extensively. There are numerous mountains, rivers and valleys distributed around Huang Shan. Those valleys are deep in those mountains. The both side of the valley are steep walls. Various kinds of rocks are distribute among mountains and valley. Because of the orogenesis, the earths crust uplift, glacier and Natural weathering. Huangshan Mountain form the structure of peak. The main part of Huangshan Mountain is constituted by granite, and it suffered from a strongly erosion, cutting, fractured, long-term water dissolution, then formed granite caves and drill ways. The quaternary glacial relics of huangshan are mainly distributed in the south-east of the mountain. Base on the Huangshan Mountain rock mass affected by internal and external factors, long time weathering along the vertical cracks, many peaks are composed. 560 million years ago the early tertiary period of Himalayan movement, those sedimentary cover are erode by the uplifting of the mountain. Then Huangshan Mountain finally appear the earth’s surface. During the tertiary and quaternary, Himalayan movement made the earths crust uplift generally. Huangshan Mountain also unceasingly rises accordingly. At the same time the granite peak are made by erode. In the quaternary period, Huangshan Mountain had three ice age and the glaciers handling. There have many signs of glaciation left on the granite that made Huangshan Mountain has the landscape of glacial landform. There are about 600 rivers in the area of Huangshan mountain, among with more than 10 km river of the number of 108. Two hillsides locate in the Huangshan city, one in the area of north and another of south. Drainage area in these two hillsides split with 76.98% and 23.02% (north 7569.93 km and south 2264.1 km). There are 15 hot springs in yellow mountain, one called zhusha hot springs is one of the four top visit place. It’s history could back to Tang Dynasty. The altitude of its place is 650 m, the water degree vary from 41.1 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã†â€™ to 42.5à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã†â€™ and its changed based on the temperature, range of rain. The flow to itself in the day of 219.51 tons and 145.23 tons at night. The area of yellow mountain water resource comes from nature rain, witch the biggest rainstorm over there and the average rain is 1775.9 mm. The districts rich with ground water, the flow over 9.928 billion m, but the distribution of its ground river flow is unequal which more in the month of May to July and less when in the winter. The proportion is 1 to 5. The flood caused by torrential rains, huangshan, cause the harm of plants, animals and human. Some years the flood would be worse to threat the species to regenerate. Huangshan mountain has a stable-balanced ecosystem. Plant community complete and is vertical distribution, forest coverage is 84.7%, vegetation coverage rate is 93.0%, there are 222 families, 827 genera and 1805 species of higher plants. Furthermore, Huangshan mountain is an perfect place for animal living and breeding, there are 24 kinds of fish, amphibians is 21 species, 48 species of reptiles, 176 kinds of birds, beasts is 54. Huangsheng Mountain has a stable ecosystem characteristics. 84.7% rate of forest coverage, 93% rate of vegetation coverage. Productivity Huangshan Mountain has Rich mineral resources. There have various minerals under the Huangshan Mountain, such as limestone, granite, porcelain clay, quartzite, serpentine stone coal and building materials. Huangshan Mountain also have gold, copper, molybdenum, tungsten, antimony, beryllium, non-ferrous metals such as lead, niobium, tantalum, uranium and rare metal mineral, and bentonite, Fu, sulfur, barite, crystal stone, such as non-metallic mineral resources. Services Huangshan Mountain has an abundant tourism resources. Huangshan Mountain has various scenic spots that attracted people to travel. Huangshan Mountain provide the source that people can take bath in hot spring. And there also have many restaurants and Hotels that provided to people. due to the climate change in different layer of the mountain, the plants varied between those layers. the group of the forest include shrubs and herbs in intact. Its ecological system usually balance. the palnts grows health and regularly locate. and many plants could be uesd for medicine. the total area is 126500 mu, the storage is about 365200 cubic meters. if in the open area of the moutain you can see high level plants like pine, bamboo, niche and so on. Macaque also known as golden monkey. It is tall and big, arms and legs are sturdy. Mainly weight is in 35-40 kilograms, the largest is 50 kilograms. It has long hair in the body, sometimes stood up and walk like human. They imitate human action accurate and flexible. They often exercise together in the forest or peaks. Sometimes, they would play with tourists and friendly. They live in 800-1500 meters of evergreen and deciduous mixed forests, deciduous broad-leaved forest zone. They often migrate down to the valley in the winter, and they usually walking through in 600-800 meters of the broadleaf tree forest for food. Macaque is the second class protected animals in China. Nowadays, Huang Shan is a famous tourist attractions. Many people from all over the world came to Hang Shan. People get materials and foods from Hang Shan. However, the environment become more serious than before, so many plants and animal become endanger. There are some severe problems about polluted in the next slide.

The Jungle Essays -- essays research papers

The Jungle by Upton Sinclair Upton Sinclair's The Jungle is the tale of a Lithuanian immigrant, Jurgis Rudkus, and his family. Jurgis and his family move to the United States in the middle of the Industrial Revolution, only to find themselves ill-equipped for the transition in the workplace and in society in general. Jurgis faces countless social injustices, and through a series of such interactions, the theme of the book is revealed: the support of socialism over capitalism as an economic and social structure. Jurgis learns soon after transplanting his family that he alone cannot earn enough to support his entire family, in spite of the intensity of his valiant efforts to work harder. Soon his wife and the rest of his family are working as well, all attempting to chip in to cover family expenses. However, such exposure proves itself to be too dangerous and detrimental to the Rudkuses. Jurgis becomes hardened by his negative experiences as he realizes that, in a capitalist society li ke the one he was living in, there is no justice. Hard work is not justly rewarded, and often times corruption is rewarded in its place. Through and through, he sees that capitalist life is not fair. Soon he is injured on the job and is forced to stay home and out of work while his mangled foot heals. Jurgis is sidelined from work for two months, and upon his return he finds himself replaced by another worker. Desperate for a job, he takes a dreaded position at the glue factory. Hi wife is pregn... The Jungle Essays -- essays research papers The Jungle by Upton Sinclair Upton Sinclair's The Jungle is the tale of a Lithuanian immigrant, Jurgis Rudkus, and his family. Jurgis and his family move to the United States in the middle of the Industrial Revolution, only to find themselves ill-equipped for the transition in the workplace and in society in general. Jurgis faces countless social injustices, and through a series of such interactions, the theme of the book is revealed: the support of socialism over capitalism as an economic and social structure. Jurgis learns soon after transplanting his family that he alone cannot earn enough to support his entire family, in spite of the intensity of his valiant efforts to work harder. Soon his wife and the rest of his family are working as well, all attempting to chip in to cover family expenses. However, such exposure proves itself to be too dangerous and detrimental to the Rudkuses. Jurgis becomes hardened by his negative experiences as he realizes that, in a capitalist society li ke the one he was living in, there is no justice. Hard work is not justly rewarded, and often times corruption is rewarded in its place. Through and through, he sees that capitalist life is not fair. Soon he is injured on the job and is forced to stay home and out of work while his mangled foot heals. Jurgis is sidelined from work for two months, and upon his return he finds himself replaced by another worker. Desperate for a job, he takes a dreaded position at the glue factory. Hi wife is pregn...

Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid Essay -- Movies Papers

One of the more popular movies of the 1960s was Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid , which featured Paul Newman and Robert Redford as the two titled Western outlaws. The film portrays the careers of Butch and Sundance, and how they were forced by the law to leave the Wild West for South America. In the last scene of the movie, the two bandits are shown surrounded by a bunch of South American soldiers after a robbery-gone-bad. Facing capture and extradition to the United States, the two badmen charge out of their hiding place, guns firing away. The film stops there, giving the impression that the two outlaws died in a blaze of glory with their boots on. However, did the real Butch Cassidy and Sundance Kid meet their end in some one-sided shootout in South America? Members of both men’s families, as well as some historians, believe that the two men survived the shootout and later returned to the United States. A number of men have claimed to be the notorious outlaws , the most credible being a machine-shop owner by the name of William Phillips who said he was really Butch Cassidy. Based on the available information, the debate could go either way. Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid both came from respectable families that were trying to make a living on the wild American frontier of the nineteenth century. Butch, born Robert LeRoy Parker, was actually the grandson of one of the original bishops of the Mormon Church (Editors 91). However, early on in his life, Robert turned to crime. He started out small, rustling cattle and stealing horses (Meadows and Buck 22). Robert Parker picked up his alias from his short career as a butcher. The name Cassidy came from Mike Cassidy, the con who taught Parker ... ...n all likelihood, though, no smoking gun will ever be found that says that the two men did indeed die in Bolivia. Butch and Sundance probably would have liked it that way. Works Cited Editors of Time-Life Books. The Gunfighters. Alexandria, Virginia: Time-Life Books, 1974. Horan, James D. The Outlaws. New York: Crown Publishers, 1977. Johnston, Dorothy M. Western Badmen. New York: Ballantine Books, 1973. Meadows, Anne and Daniel Buck. â€Å"Running Down A Legend.† Americas. (Nov.-Dec 1990) : 21-27. Infotrac Expanded Academic ASAP. Patterson, Richard. Butch Cassidy: A Biography. Lincoln, Nebraska: University of Nebraska Press, 1998. Stewart, Gail B. Where Lies Butch Cassidy? New York: Crestwood House, 1992. â€Å"Wanted-Butch and Sundance.† Clyde Snow. NOVA. PBS. WUNK-TV, Greenville, N .C., October 12, 1993.

Ernesto Guevara de Serna Essay -- Ernest Che Guevara Biographies Essay

Ernesto Guevara de Serna Ernesto Guevara de Serna was born in Argentina in 1928 into a fairly privileged family. He developed serious asthma at the age of two, which would plague him throughout his life. He was home-schooled by his mother, Celia de la Serna. It was these early years when he became an eager reader of Marx, Engels, and Freud which all were all part of his father's library. He went to secondary school in 1941, the Colegio Nacional Dean Funes, Cordoba, where he excelled in literature and sports. At home he was impressed by the Spanish Civil War refugees and by the long series of political crises in Argentina. These culminated in the ‘Left Fascist’ dictatorship of Juan Peron, to whom the Guevara de la Sernas were opposed. These events and influences implanted ideas of contempt for the charade of parliamentary democracy, a hatred of military politicians and the army, the capitalist oligarchy, and, above all, U.S. imperialism. Although his parents, most notably his mother, were anti-Peronist activists, he did not take participate in revolutionary student movements and showed little interest in politics at Buenos Aires University (1947) where he studied medicine. He focused on understanding his own disease, and later became more interested in leprosy. In 1949 he made the first of his long journeys, exploring northern Argentina on a bicycle. This was the first time Ernesto came into contact with the very poor and the remnants of the Indian tribes. It was during this leave of absence from schooling that Guevara, now nicknamed "Che" (Italian origin meaning chum or buddy), first experienced the depth of poverty and suffering of his fellows. In 1951, after taking his exams, he made a much longer journey. He visited southern Argentina, Chile, where he met Salvador Allende, and Peru, where he worked for several weeks in the San Pablo leprosarium. He then was in Colombia at the time of La Violencia, and Venezuela and Miami where he was arrested but soon released. He returned home for his finals sure of only one thing: he did not want to become a middle-class general practitioner. He passed, specializing in dermatology, and went to La Paz, Bolivia, during the National Revolution in which he condemned as an opportunist. From there he went to Guatemala, arriving during the socialist Arbenz presidency. It was in Guatemala that he began ... ...reabouts were a secret and his death was widely rumored. He was in various African countries, notably the Congo surveying the possibilities of turning the Kinshasa rebellion into a Communist revolution, by Cuban-style guerrilla tactics. He returned to Cuba to train volunteers for that project, and took a force of 120 Cubans to the Congo. His men fought well, but the Kinshasa rebels did not. They were useless against the Belgian mercenaries, and by autumn 1965 Che had to advise Castro to withdraw Cuban aid. Che's final revolutionary adventure was in Bolivia where he grossly misjudged the revolutionary potential of that country with disastrous consequences. The attempt ended in his being captured by a Bolivian army unit and shot a day later. Because of his wild, romantic appearance, his dashing style, and his unwillingness to bend to any kind of establishment, Che became a legend and an idol for the revolutionary—and even the merely discontented—youth of the later 1960s and early 70's. He was a focus for the kind of desperate revolutionary action which seemed, to millions of young people, the only hope of destroying the world of middle class industrial capitalism and communism.

Psycho Or How a Killer is Born in a Hitchcock Film Essay

Film analysis doesn’t require a philosophy of deep thought, but merely requires the participation of the viewer. In films the audience will witness aspects of their own lives played out; the actions, emotions and scenery draw from the viewer their frame of reference. The art of film can be analyzed through specific scenes and the meaning they have in reality. For instance in the cult film Psycho the viewer is placed in third person point of view mainly focusing on the story of Norman Bates. The audience becomes part of the film because of the intrigue the writer, director and actors bring to the screen. The feeling of loss of meaning is very prevalent in the duration of the film; the antics of love, exploit, desire in the viewer and in the end of the film is well orchestrated by the director Alfred Hitchcock. That is the purpose of filmmaking, to begin a story and have the audience become so engrossed in its unfolding that they lose a sense of themselves in proportion to reality and completely step into the film, the character’s triumphs and misdeeds become the audience member’s own guilt, and as the story progresses, the audience forgets their own selves in order to better become part of the caste of characters in the script. The following paper will analyze Psycho as directed by Alfred Hitchcock. Alfred Hitchcock creates his scene through the use of different camera angles. In his other films as well as Psycho, he makes good use of the camera shooting from an aerial vantage point and he uses elements of the scene to be incorporated in the shot (Arnold paragraph three). This is seen in Dial â€Å"M† for Murder in which the camera does an aerial angle from the ceiling and shoots Wendice and Captain Lesley (or Swann) discussing blackmail and the chandelier is used to be incorporated into the scene and it is used in Psycho in which the camera angle depicts Norman Bates and Marion Crane are having a conversation in Bates’ taxidermy room and the camera shoots through the animals from a downward angle in order to create for the scene a sense of foreshadowing. Thus, the animals are a symbol of the emotions of the woman; they foreshadow her death and eventual ownership through her death to Norman Bates. One element that Hitchcock utilizes in this movie is a symbol; the phone. The phone is not only used as a transference of scenes but also as a revealing factor of the character; the characters reveal their true intentions on the phone, their feelings, their desires, and it is with the phone that the plot progresses forward and things about the other characters are revealed to each other, such as Marion’s boyfriend trying to get a hold of her, and the police detective’s phone. Hitchcock uses other things that are of importance, that are part of the scene in his other movies such as windows in The Birds in which the characters can witness the danger going on outside but also have distance from that danger, whether or not that distance is false. Hitchcock uses the mother in Psycho for this revelation to characters and the audience alike in that Bates dresses up as his mother, uses his mother, and her voice in a mis-in-scene in order to persuade characters in believing a lie instead of the truth; the truth being that he dresses up as his dead mother and kills women whom he could potentially have a relationship with, or whom he likes. It is with these elements that the movie audience can have that voyeuristic sense of discovery of the character’s intentions and plot development that Hitchcock creates and progresses the thriller movie genre. The psychosis of the character Norman Bates in Psycho truly takes on the development of a serial killer. There are sub-categories of serial killers: visionary, mission oriented, hedonistic, power oriented, and among these there are organized and disorganized. For each of these types of killers there are certain character dispositions. The visionary types are compelled by voices or visions and are described as being psychotic. They will not choose a victim because the motives are outside of themselves (voices, visions). The mission oriented type kills people because they believe that the victim is unworthy of life; this type is said not to be psychotic. The victim of this type of killer will fulfill a psychological need (as with Norman Bates character, in which he had to kill young women because his desire for them was overruled by his mother’s overbearing personality even in death, and therefore Norman had to keep his mother alive in order to continue to feed his desire for killing what he could not have, and in order to maintain the consistency his life had when his mother was alive and ruling his life by not allowing him to entertain or go out with girls). The hedonistic type kills simply for the high of killing and there are signs of sexual arousal involved with the killing (which could also be part of Norman Bates’ personality type as he killed as his mother for sexual arousal). A comfort killer is a subtype of hedonistic killer and they will kill victims with whom they have some sort of relationship (also as with Norman Bates whose victims were young women who stayed in his hotel). The power oriented killer kills for control, is not psychotic and is obsessed with holding the power of the victim’s life in his/her hands (in Norman’s case however, the killer, him/his mother, killed in order to keep control over Norman’s actions, thus his psychosis could be persuaded by the issue of control but not control over his victims). Usually each of these killers (excepting the comfort killer) will use a hands-on method of killing using weapons in violent fashion (In Norman’s case it was a knife).   Each of these typologies involves either organized or disorganized killings. An organized killer is usually competent, intelligent, targets strangers as victims, uses restraints, and performs sex on their victims. The organized killer will be very aware of their crime and leave no trace or evidence at the scene of the crime (this is what Norman did at the beginning of the film, as is seen in the shower, and his clean up of the scene and dumping the car in the pool/swamp next to the hotel). On the other hand a disorganized killer will often be socially immature, may kill people they know, are often sexually inhibited, live alone and leave the scene of the crime full of fingerprints. (which also described Norman Bates). It would them seem as if Hitchcock created a serial killer in Norman Bates who epitomized every variable of serial killing psychosis; in point of fact, Hitchcock created the supreme serial killer, mixing in different elements of each sub-category into the one character. Spatial mobility is also an area where serial killers differ (as seen with Hitchcock’s keeping his scenes mainly in the hotel, or the Bates’ family home, which is given its own character by the lighting and the silhouette in certain scenes). Among this category there are geographically stable killers and there are geographically transient serial killers. The geographically stable serial killer live in the same area for an extended amount of time and they will kill in that area and dispose of the body somewhere close to home or within the neighborhood (which is what Bates does with his victim’s cars). A geographically transient serial killer will travel constantly, killing from place to place to confuse law enforcement agencies (here is an element of serial killers which Hitchcock does not give to Norman Bates). For, if a killer kills too many people in one area, the agency may believe the killer is from that specific area, and when the killer moves to the next town the same will happen so that there may not be a blatant pattern. As the number of crimes increase the lapse of time or cooling off periods decrease (as is also presented in Psycho). There is a tendency of degeneration of personality and the crime scenes will show a high increase of violence toward the victim (another reason why female serial killers are not believed to be transient killers – too violent of a personality). This is in correlation with the killer thinking that since they’ve done this type of thing before and haven’t been caught then they are in a realm of invincibility. Serial killer studies have been attentive to whether or not a killer is psychotic or that they kill for a type of self-preservation. In the case of Bates, it seems that a lot of his aggression, and violent temperament came from his abusive mother. Psychosis has grounding in the idea of the nurture or nature of a person. Childhood studies bring up issues such as the stages of when a mother is detrimental to the healthiness and mentality of a child and when a father is more apt to be an active participant for that child. The basis for the study is founded on the idea of a person not suddenly waking up one day and deciding to kill (as has been thought in past studies). There is a fundamental concept of socialization involved with such behaviour. The idea behind the killers motive is almost certainly tied to how they perceive their surrounding environment and how they don’t connect on the appropriate level with that society. A Swedish study done conceives of the matter of killers being narcissistic and unable to comprehend society in something other than egocentric terms. A dysfunctional family is used as a frame of reference, and if that childhood is stressful, dangerous, or filled with lack of love, then a certain consequence will occur, be it introversion or to an extreme, the beginnings of becoming a killer, as is seen in Norman Bates. It is through this specific film that the audience becomes a part of the spectacle of the film; through the characterizations, the plot, the point of view, and camera angles, and the development and pathologies of the serial killer Norman Bates each scene in this film aids in the development of the audience becoming immersed in the progression of the film. Each of the elements listed above is an enhancement to the story, and without the use of Hitchcock’s bird’s eye view, and psychosis of the character Norman Bates as shown through the character’s dramatic scenes and off camera mother’s voice to enhance the scene, and the other film techniques used, this movies would not be memorable because the audience member would not be invested in the outcome. Thus, the audience is immersed in how Bates became a serial killer, how he kills, why he kills, and the psychosis behind his killing. The character, the development of the plot, and the lighting and camera angles each add to the psychology of the film Psycho. This film allows for a supreme suspension of disbelief and it is through this that the true Hollywood thriller is found. Bibliography Psycho. Alfred Hitchcock. Anthony Perkins. Janet Leigh. Vera Miles. Shamley Productions. 1960.

Tools of Exploitation Analysis

The film/documentary, titled Tools of Exploitation, chronicles, analyzes and explains Western civilizations influence on African culture/livelihood throughout the period of colonialism (the film covers the slave trade for a brief moment as well) leading to the modern day. Narrated by scholar/author Ali Mazrui, the film focuses on the usurping of Africa’s future potential due to European powers stymying Africa’s growth for their (Western) own gain (hence the name Tools of Exploitation; Africa was exploited for European gain).The film addresses many factors to why this has taken place but focuses mostly on economic reasons as well as the false justifications Europeans used to colonize the continent. One of the themes the documentary covers was the false pretenses that Europeans claimed to justify the Colonization of Africa. During the early 20th century (1900’s), Northern and Eastern Africa still had a pervasive slave culture. In the North, the remnants of the Otto man Empire still practiced slavery, while the Muslims were the responsible figureheads in the East.Following the centuries of trans-Atlantic slave trade between Europe, Africa, and the â€Å"New World†, Europe had abolished the practicing of slavery. In 1884, the European powers that be called for the â€Å"Berlin Conference’’. Part of the conference was to organize â€Å"The Scramble for Africa†. The term was used to describe the West’s desire to introduce themselves as administrators of the African continent. One of the justifications for the conference/European’s colonialism, was that the West had â€Å"a duty† to end the barbarism of slavery still existing on the continent through the West’s new found morality.Part of the European’s plan for administration was also the fragmenting of Africa with artificial political boundaries. While this â€Å"organized† Africa in a convenient matter for the Europeans, it le d to ethnic divisions/rivalries that are still in existence today. One of the injustices of the Berlin Conference was that there were no African leaders invited to the conference; how could Europe be making such important, influential decisions about a continent’s future, without consulting the people of that continent?The answer; while Europe had abolished slavery, the racism dating back to the days of slavery still existed. The conference in reality had no intention of freeing Africa of its negatives, but instead, exploited the circumstances/situations of Africa to fuel the European commercial machine. One of the overlying themes to which Europeans, again, falsely the justified colonization of Africa, was through the concept of the â€Å"Duel Mandate†. The philosophy/idea/phrase was created by English colonial military ruler Lord Frederick Lugard.In a written testimony Lugard rationalizes colonizing Africa by claiming to utilize the continent’s resources in or der to fuel European commercialization as well as facilitate Africa’s modernization. The first half of the equation did come to fruition; Europe conveniently gained access to African’s resources (first pre-colonialism through slaves and gold, then later with mineral based resources during colonization). However, European’s modernization of Africa was merely surface level.Africa was given infrastructure (roads), skyscrape-esque buildings, commercial items (clothes, recreational technologies); but the African continent was not given the means for long term industrialization to keep up with the global economy. What does Africa benefit from having Western fashion? Africa has large-scale downtowns, and business sectors, but what is the purpose when these buildings/businesses are powered by faulty electricity? The vessels of modernization were left by Europeans, but there was no functionality or means of using the vessels for modernization.While the West was industria lizing, Africa was being fed a message of false growth. Africa never had a chance to develop a means of self-creation/production in the 20th century. A perfect example of this was cited in the film. The West African country of Liberia is a large exporter of the raw material for rubber, which is a major commercial commodity in the global economy. However, Liberia itself does not have the means to convert the raw materials into the final product, meaning the country has to import (purchase) finished rubber from outside countries.Was not part of the White Man’s burden and part of the Dual Mandate, to uplift Africa through use of its own resources? How is it that one of the richest continents with regards to natural resources could not take the next step towards mechanization/commercialization with the aid of the West? Again, the emphatic answer is that the West had no intention of aiding the continent in the first place. The economic shackles of colonialism were a pre-meditated, calculated attack on the development of Africa during the turn into the twentieth century.The lasting outcome has left Africa crippled even now in modern times. With slavery, Africa already became under populated destroying a large potential for human development/advancement; colonialism than hampered any immediate potential for industrial advancement in the continent. Now, modern day Africa’s urban areas/capitals have the appearance of advanced societies but are barely functional/beneficial as useful tools for everyday use (as Mazrui says, the buildings’ functions are â€Å"quenched†).What is even more disturbing is the similar behaviors exhibited by Asian countries (specifically) China in modern day Africa through a sort of â€Å"neo-colonialism†. Various reports detail foreign Asian workers entering African countries to build infrastructure (roads, pipelines, hospitals, etc. ). In actuality, these foreign influences are building conduits to ship mater ials back to their own coutnry. Tools of Exploitation not only chronicled the economic handicaps and lies that fueled colonialism in 1900’s; the film also describes a similar blueprint that modern emerging powers are beginning to employ as well

Contemporary Management Essay

The Classical Management approach attempted to apply logic and scientific methods to management of complex organisations, such as factories. It assumed that there was â€Å"one best way† to manage an enterprise. Classical Management comprises three different approaches: Scientific Management, which represents Frederick W Taylor’s work, developed scientific principles of management, focusing on the individual, rather than the team and aimed to improve efficiency through production-line time studies, breaking each job down into its components and designing the quickest and best methods of performing each component. He also encouraged employers to reward productivity. Employees did the physical labour, managers did the planning and organising. According to Taylor, employees were motivated by money. From Taylor’s research emerged time studies, work studies and industrial engineering, making an important contribution to the central procedures of many organisations.  · Bureaucratic Management emerged from the work of Max Weber, who developed an â€Å"ideal model† organisation, hierarchical in structure, governed by a set of impersonal, formal rules and policies. Weber believed this was the most efficient way to organise and govern an enterprise.  · Henri Fayol’s Administrative Management assumed that 14 general principles of management could be applied to any situation or circumstance: 1. division of work 2. authority 3. discipline 4. unity of command 5. unity of direction 6. subordination of individual interest to the common good 7. remuneration 8. centralisation 9. hierarchy 10. order 11. equity 12. stability of staff 13. initiative 14. espirit de corps Fayol divided managerial activities into five functions: planning, organising, commanding, coordinating and controlling. This idea set the basis for many modern management techniques stressing rational central planning. The Human Relations approach, focusing on work relationships as the key to improving workplace productivity, was inspired by the Hawthorne studies performed by Elton Mayo and Fritz Roethlisberger. They studied the effects of physical working conditions on employee productivity and fatigue. These studies suggested that leaders are able to positively influence employee motivation and productivity by showing concern for employee relationships. Mayo discovered that a work group would establish its own informal group performance norm, which represented what it considered to be a fair level of performance. The work group would convince ratebusters to slow down and slackers to work faster. Mayo’s conclusion that â€Å"work is a group activity† had a profound influence on modern individual management. Two key aspects of the human relations approach are employee motivation and leadership style. Pay can motivate only lower level needs and once those are satisfied, non-monetary factors such as praise, recognition, and job characteristics motivate human behaviour. Fayol’s Management approach emphasised maximum efficiency and productivity through standard operating procedures; viewed money as the one true motivator for workers; stressed the need for managerial control; and viewed organisations as machines. Taylor’s Scientific approach over-simplified the issues, emphasised the individual rather than the team and was hostile to trade unions and labour organisations. Whereas Fayol and Taylor both emphasised the production process and adjusted humans to this process, Mayo’s Human Relations approach emphasised the coordination of human and social elements in an organisation through consultation, participation, communication and leadership. However, the equation merely replaced â€Å"rational economic man† with â€Å"emotional social man† and this approach merely shifted the blame for poor performance from structural to personal attitudes and emotions. Both approaches held that there was â€Å"one best way† to manage all organisations. Assess the relevance of Classical Management theorists to the management of contemporary organisations. The modern assembly line pours out finished products faster than Taylor could ever have imagined. This production efficiency is just one legacy of Scientific Management. Its efficiency techniques have been applied to many tasks in non-industrial organisations, ranging from fast-food service to the training of surgeons. However, Taylor’s emphasis on productivity and speed placed undue pressures on employees to perform at faster and faster levels. This led to exploitation and resulted in more workers joining unions. Modern management is still viewed as a process that enables organisations to achieve their objectives by planning, organising and controlling their resources, as advocated by Fayol, but views gaining the commitment of their mployees through motivation as a key element. Hierarchical organisation (introduced by Fayol) has become the dominant, traditional mode of structure in large corporations and civil/public service departments. In some cases this â€Å"mechanistic† model works best, however, the emphasis is on efficiency and control, whereas a greater balance between people and performance is generally considered the more des irable approach nowadays. Although the Classical Management (vertical/hierarchical) approach dominated organisational structure for decades, the Human Relations Movement (horizontal/inter-departmental), encouraging adaptation to external changes, seems the more relevant approach for modern management. Contemporary management builds on the Classical and Behavioural approaches and goes beyond them. The Systems approach of â€Å"different strokes for different folks† finally put the â€Å"one best way† theory to bed and has dominated modern organisational analysis since the 1980s. The Contingency approach views the organisation as an organism, segmenting as it grows, each segment specialising in knowledge and activity, all of which must cope with their external environment and integrate harmoniously. The main difference between Classical and Contemporary approaches is the modern belief that it is futile to search for â€Å"one best way† to manage an organisation. Instead, managers must take into account the internal and external environment to match the appropriate management practices to the surrounding circumstances for an effective outcome.

Current Political Situation of Pakistan: Overview Essay

The article initially provides a brief overview about current political situation of Pakistan. Pakistan is a developing country and it is politically unstable but we live in the world where everything is possible. Democratic governments have always failed to complete their tenure which eventually results in a long lasting dictatorship reign. In Pakistani politics, there is a clear domination by few families only and these families have never produced long lasting fruitful results. The political system has been stagnant since 70†²s and no drastic change has taken place. The chair of head of state has been a war between the head of the army staff and a few noticeable political leaders. Who has suffered? Well, you guessed it right, the nation! Pakistani Politics Current Situation If we observe the political situation of Pakistan, much of the politics is based on different ethnic groups. It’s fair to say that the current political situation of Pakistan is in dire need of substantial changes if we compare it to the political systems of leading nations in the world. Role of Political Parties in Pakistan Pakistani PoliticsAlmost every party represents a particular ethnic group, therefore no party has got the support in every region because the role of political parties in Pakistan is very much based upon different ethnic groups they represent. This is one of the major reasons of slow development in some specific areas as compared to others. There are a number key problems in political system of Pakistan, & the list grows on and on with every passing minute. Read the News: Nawaz Sharif has become a better person Nawaz Sharif demands America to stop drone strikesReal Face of Mian Nawaz Sharif and Benazir Bhutto High Court appraises Mian Shahbaz Sharif’s Dengue work PML (N) MPA arrives at Assembly Hall on motorcycle to take oath Nawaz Sharif: Corruption would not be tolerated Shahbaz Sharif: We would continue from where we left off Shahbaz Sharif: Our government would reduce expenditures Dr Abdul Qadir Khan: PPP was corrupt where as Shahbaz Sharif did development work Pakistan to produce electricity from Coal, orders Nawaz Pakistani Politics Pakistani politics has started to take an adverse route as the layman pursues to struggle in the rut. The current situation in Karachi and Baluchistan is worse than ever. The blame of these riots clearly is on politicians who are just manipulating different groups to get benefits for themselves. If the current political situation in Pakistan does not change, the country would keep on suffering at the hands of monarchs and waderas! The role of youth in politics seems to be missing in this scenario and needs to be looked upon if the country is to strive for betterment. One possible solution for the underlying problem is to improve the problems of education system that erodes as every day falls behind. â€Å"Words, without power, is mere philosophy† Let’s join hands, let’s walk together, let’s make Pakistan a better nation!